{"id":24409,"date":"2015-06-29T20:49:51","date_gmt":"2015-06-29T18:49:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mamchenkov.net\/wordpress\/?p=24409"},"modified":"2015-06-29T20:49:51","modified_gmt":"2015-06-29T18:49:51","slug":"how-complex-systems-fail","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mamchenkov.net\/wordpress\/2015\/06\/29\/how-complex-systems-fail\/","title":{"rendered":"How Complex Systems Fail"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

How Complex Systems Fail<\/a> – a very concise, yet complete paper on how complex systems fail. \u00a0It’s not system or industry specific. \u00a0Here are just the\u00a0bullet points:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Complex systems are intrinsically hazardous systems.<\/li>\n
  2. Complex systems are heavily and successfully defended against failure.<\/li>\n
  3. Catastrophe requires multiple failures \u2013 single point failures are not enough…<\/li>\n
  4. Complex systems contain changing mixtures of failures latent within them.<\/li>\n
  5. Complex systems run in degraded mode.<\/li>\n
  6. Catastrophe is always just around the corner.<\/li>\n
  7. Post-accident attribution accident to a \u2018root cause\u2019 is fundamentally wrong.<\/li>\n
  8. Hindsight biases post-accident assessments of human performance.<\/li>\n
  9. Human operators have dual roles: as producers & as defenders against failure.<\/li>\n
  10. All practitioner actions are gambles.<\/li>\n
  11. Actions at the sharp end resolve all ambiguity.<\/li>\n
  12. Human practitioners are the adaptable element of complex systems.<\/li>\n
  13. Human expertise in complex systems is constantly changing.<\/li>\n
  14. Change introduces new forms of failure.<\/li>\n
  15. Views of ’cause’ limit the effectiveness of defenses against future events.<\/li>\n
  16. Safety is a characteristic of systems and not of their components.<\/li>\n
  17. People continuously create safety.<\/li>\n
  18. Failure free operations require experience with failure.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

     <\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\n

    How Complex Systems Fail – a very concise, yet complete paper on how complex systems fail. \u00a0It’s not system or industry specific. \u00a0Here are just the\u00a0bullet points: Complex systems are intrinsically hazardous systems. Complex systems are heavily and successfully defended against failure. Catastrophe requires multiple failures \u2013 single point failures are not enough… Complex systems … Continue reading How Complex Systems Fail<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"How Complex Systems Fail #research","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[1,62],"tags":[1117,1673],"keyring_services":[],"class_list":["post-24409","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-general","category-technology","tag-research","tag-software-engineering"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t